ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate homogeneity and efficiency of applicating models of lung/bronchial organoids for SARS-COV2 infection research and evaluate the role of differentially expressed cytokine genes of interest. Methods: in this systematic review and meta-analysis of Gene Expression ombious datasets, studies of lung/bronchial organoids as models of SARS-COV2 infection were evaluated. 4 datasets of GSE160435, GSE148697, GSE150819, and GSE152060 were selected for our study. DESeq / EdgeR technique was used to identify Differential Expressed Genes (DEGs). Results: the distribution of the pooled dataset showed small variations among the 4 selected datasets. K-means cluster analysis using the KEGG Pathway database revealed activation of a cluster of genes in response to coronavirus diseases including 51 genes in the pathway of KEGG, that could verify the organoids in comparison of real COVID-19 disease specimens. proinflammatory cytokines and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors were selected as our genes of interest-based on the literature. We only found significant upregulation of TNF-alpha, IL23A, and IL17A genes and significant Dowiregulation of CSF2RB, IL20RB/A, IL24B. while downregulation of CSF2 was in controversy with reported literature. Conclusion: Based on the data that ultimately reached the conclusion of the interferon 1 function in COVID-19 pathology, this work may confirm the models of SARS-COV-2 infection in lung organoids;nevertheless, the contradiction to real-world studies requires more research.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this paper is to provide a consensus review on telehealth delivery prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic to develop a set of recommendations for designing telehealth services and tools that contribute to system resilience and equitable health. METHODS: The IMIA-Telehealth Working Group (WG) members conducted a two-step approach to understand the role of telehealth in enabling global health equity. We first conducted a consensus review on the topic followed by a modified Delphi process to respond to four questions related to the role telehealth can play in developing a resilient and equitable health system. RESULTS: Fifteen WG members from eight countries participated in the Delphi process to share their views. The experts agreed that while telehealth services before and during COVID-19 pandemic have enhanced the delivery of and access to healthcare services, they were also concerned that global telehealth delivery has not been equal for everyone. The group came to a consensus that health system concepts including technology, financing, access to medical supplies and equipment, and governance capacity can all impact the delivery of telehealth services. CONCLUSION: Telehealth played a significant role in delivering healthcare services during the pandemic. However, telehealth delivery has also led to unintended consequences (UICs) including inequity issues and an increase in the digital divide. Telehealth practitioners, professionals and system designers therefore need to purposely design for equity as part of achieving broader health system goals.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Health Equity , Telemedicine , Humans , PandemicsABSTRACT
Introduction: In March 2020, the World Health Organization introduced the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as a global health concern and predicted that without any changes in the transmission process, the disease would reach its peak in April. Hence, it was not unreasonable to expect the referral of pregnant women in all trimesters. Since respiratory illnesses can increase the risk of infectious diseases and maternal mortality, it is justifiable to consider COVID-19-positive cases as high-risk pregnancies. Case presentation: The present study introduced six pregnant women with COVID-19 and discussed the points to consider in managing these patients. Conclusions: Pregnant women are at increased risk in all epidemics of infectious diseases due to their physiological and immunological changes. Moreover, the safety of the fetus is another important issue to consider. © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.